![]() ![]() As a reflexive device and critical manipulation of canonized forms, parody has often been considered as the epitome of postmodernism in European and North American literature and artistic expression. ![]() The two points of view, set against each other dialogically, represent two utterances, speakers, styles, languages, and axiological systems, even if they issue from a single speaker. It is the dialogue between two enunciative spheres, two utterances, hence its preeminent position in the Bakhtinian concept of dialogism. Parody (etymologically a voice alongside another voice) involves imitation, but what is crucial is the co-presence of these two voices, the parodying and the parodied. We will also try to understand the workings of the hegemony in the field of culture, media, literature and theatre both by the ruling classes and the emerging classes and how they have evolved in our country and what are their effects. philosophy, religion, culture, etc., and move on to Gramsci and Raymond Williams’ analysis of it and their new concepts regarding hegemony and the material conditions determining the consciousness explaining the things more clearly rather than the concepts of base and superstructure and the clarifications of Engels to the questions raised in his time and will try to understand that the concepts expressed by Gramsci and Raymond Williams etc., are not new and we find them in the writings of Marx and Engels but Marxism is not a static but a living and evolving concept and these writers have not denied or contradicted what has been laid down by the founders of Marxism but further elaborated these concepts in the more developed and modern situations. Here, we will first discuss Marx’s conception of it, its dimensions in various fields i.e. Relationship of base and superstructure in Marxist theory has been much discussed and debated by various writers. Therefore, the process through which he produces his livelihood and which sustains him is basic to him and the rest of the other things are the results of this process and his relationship to his fellow men, and are called as superstructures. His existence depends on either whatever is available to him in nature or whatever he has produced by acting on nature. Man by his activities transformed nature to suit to his needs. All have their origin in the activities of man and nature, acting on each other. It not only includes the fine arts such as painting, drawing, music, dance etc., but also includes literature, drama, media, science and technology, knowledge, architecture, religion, philosophy, foods and clothes etc., everything that is valuable and has been achieved by mankind through ages. Introduction Culture is a much complex term. ![]()
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